复杂地基中桩基承载机理计算研究

探讨了复杂地基中的单桩承载性能，分析比较了目前应用于桩基分析计算中的各种弹性理论法的适用性及局限性，建立了一套更接近实际的桩土体系模型，提出了一种新的计算分析复杂地基模型的桩基础计算分析方法——广义弹性理论法。     

高层建筑等效静态风荷载的确定

风荷载是强风区高层建筑的主要侧向控制荷载,确定脉动风荷载是高层建筑结构设计的需要。借助于高频动态天平试验和风压测量试验,分析讨论了沿建筑物高度分布的平均风力、脉动风力、风致振动惯性力以及建筑结构设计所需要的等效静态风荷载的确定问题,可为高层建筑结构设计中的风荷载确定提供参考。     

附不等式约束的病态问题求解研究

病态问题产生的原因是设计矩阵存在复共线关系,为了消除法方程奇异,我们必须附加先验信息。不等式约束是客观实际中普遍存在的一种约束,是先验信息的主要表达方式之一,因此本文提出了附不等式约束的病态问题和其求解方法。本文在Rao提出的椭球约束法的基础上导出了不等式约束条件和广义岭参数之间的转换关系,然后用传统的广义岭估计来求解附不等式约束的病态问题。该种求解思想真正实现了由附加先验信息来决定岭参数。最后用一个模拟的算例检验了本文方法的可行性。同时,算例表明:不等式约束条件越正确、越苛刻得到的结果越接近真值,精度也越高。     

半刚性连接三维梁系钢结构弹性分析的普遍模型

本文基于基本假定，从空间梁单元的经典刚度方程出发，通过引入梁单元的虚拟连接刚度，经严格的数学推导，建立了端部具有任意连接刚度的空间梁单元半刚性连接刚度方程。从而进一步得到了半刚性连接空间梁系结构的统一模型，并通过对空间钢框架结构进行分析，证明了该模型的普遍性和有效性。     

自平衡单元嵌入式网壳结构的预应力优化

自平衡单元嵌入式网壳结构中的自平衡单元由预应力提供刚度,采用广义逆法求解平衡矩阵,编制含线性不等式约束及线性等式约束的线性优化程序并结合整体可行预应力的概念来确定初始预应力的分布。对杂交结构平衡矩阵的形成、广义逆求解、线性约束优化方法的数学模型、约束矩阵的集成等关键技术给予详细的推导说明;同时,根据理论推导编写出相应的程序用于求解预应力值,并利用非线性有限元软件对分析结果进行验证。     

Sub-micrometer particulate air pollution and cardiovascular mortality in Beijing, China

Background

While the link between particulate matter and cardiovascular mortality is well established, it is not fully investigated and understood which properties of the aerosol might be responsible for the health effects, especially in polluted mega-city areas.

Objectives

Our goal was to explore the association between daily cardiovascular mortality and different particle metrics in the sub-micrometer range in Beijing, China.

Methods

We obtained daily counts of cause-specific cardiovascular deaths in the Beijing urban area for the period March 2004 to August 2005. Concurrently, continuous measurements of particle number size distributions were performed. Particle number concentrations (NC) between 0.003 μm and 0.8 μm were converted to particle mass and surface area concentrations assuming spherical particles. Semi-parametric Poisson regression models adjusting for trend, seasonality, day of the week, and meteorology were used to estimate immediate, delayed and cumulative particle effects. Additionally, effect modification by air mass origin was investigated.

Results

We observed associations between daily cardiovascular mortality and particle NC for a 2-days delay. Moreover, nearly all particle metrics showed 2-days delayed associations with ischemic heart disease mortality. The strongest association was found for particle NC in the size range 0.03-0.1 μm (7.1% increase in daily mortality with a 95%-confidence interval of 2.9%-11.5%, per an increase of 6250 particles/cm³). Results for surface and mass concentrations with a lag of two days indicated effect modification by air mass origin, whereas effects of particle NC were not modified.

Conclusions

Results show an elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality in Beijing from short-term exposure to particulate air pollution in the sub-micrometer range. Results also indicate that locally produced smaller particles and regionally transported particles may exhibit different effects in Beijing.     

OFDMA上行多用户交织信号同步与分离

主要研究正交频分多址接入(OFDMA)上行链路中采用交织子载波分配方案的多用户信号同步及分离。采用交织子载波分配方案的OFDMA上行链路中,每个用户信号在一个OFDM符号内都具有一定的周期性结构。首先利用信号的结构特性并借助于子空间的方法估计得到多用户的频率偏移;然后,对接收到的信号应用最小均方误差滤波恢复单用户信号波形,从而同时实现了多用户信号分离及频率同步;最后,基于恢复的单用户训练信号对每个用户的时间偏移进行估计。广义线性调频序列(GCL)具有理想的周期自相关特性和最优的互相关特性,以及低峰均功率比特性,因而被用作训练序列来估计每个用户的时间偏移。仿真结果表明,本方案在多径衰落信道下是有效的。     

Optimization of a multiperiod refinery planning problem under uncertainty

Uncertainty in refinery planning presents a significant challenge in determining the day-to-day operations of an oil refinery. Deterministic modeling techniques often fail to account for this uncertainty, potentially resulting in reduced profit. The stochastic programming framework explicitly incorporates parameter uncertainty in the problem formulation, thus giving preference to robust solutions. In this work, a nonlinear, multiperiod, industrial refinery problem is extended to a two-stage stochastic problem, formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear program. A crude-oil sequencing case study is developed with binary scheduling decisions in both stages of the stochastic programming problem. Solution via a decomposition strategy based on the generalized Benders decomposition (GBD) algorithm is proposed. The binary decisions are designated as complicating variables that, when fixed, reduce the full-space problem to a series of independent scenario subproblems. Through the application of the GBD algorithm, a feasible mixed-integer solution is obtained that is more robust to uncertainty than its deterministic counterpart.     

弗留盖圆筒壳理论的广义变分原理

弹性力学广义变分原理是弹性力学体系的重要组成部分。证明了基于精确的弗留盖弹性圆筒壳理论广义变分原理的正确性。     

索结构找力的扩展广义平衡矩阵奇异值分解法

预应力是维持索结构稳定性、形成刚度和承载能力的核心要素。考虑结构几何对称性等因素求解预应力模态,是获取索结构可行预应力的必要条件。通过对平衡矩阵的含义进行再阐释,引出广义平衡方程和广义平衡矩阵的概念。将广义平衡矩阵与平衡矩阵结合,形成索结构的扩展广义平衡矩阵。通过对扩展广义平衡矩阵进行奇异值分解,即可得到符合预定分布模式的预应力模态。针对3个典型算例,采用所提出的方法求得了满足工程需求的可行预应力模态。研究表明：通过指定合理的预应力分布模式,采用扩展广义平衡矩阵奇异值分解法,仅需一次奇异值分解即可得到可行预应力模态,找力过程简洁、直接;预应力分布模式可根据需要灵活设定,易于得到符合设计意图的可行预应力模态。